Ηλεκτρονική Έκδοση Περιοδικών του ΕΚΠΑ

Το λιονταράκι που τσεβδίζει: Ο Αλκιβιάδης στην αρχαία κωμωδία

Ιωάννης Μ. Κωνσταντάκος

Περίληψη


Στο άρθρο αυτό εξετάζονται όλα τα χωρία από τα σωζόμενα έργα και αποσπάσματα της αττικής κωμωδίας, τα οποία αναφέρονται ρητά ή υπαινικτικά στον Αλκιβιάδη, το τρομερό παιδί της αθηναϊκής πολιτικής κατά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες του 5ου αιώνα π.Χ. Ο Αριστοφάνης, αν και δεν φαίνεται να παρουσίασε ποτέ τον Αλκιβιάδη επί σκηνής, εντούτοις τον μνημονεύει και τον σατιρίζει αρκετές φορές στα έργα του, από τους Δαιταλής (427 π.Χ.) έως τους Βατράχους (405 π.Χ.). Οι μνείες αυτές χαρακτηρίζονται από εντυπωσιακή επιείκεια. Ο Αριστοφάνης σκώπτει τον Αλκιβιάδη μόνο ελαφρά, για ατασθαλίες της προσωπικής του ζωής ή για ελαττώματα της ομιλίας του, ενώ δεν ασκεί ποτέ σοβαρή κριτική σε καθαρά πολιτικές ενέργειές του. Στον αντίποδα, ο Εύπολις περιέλαβε τον Αλκιβιάδη ως βασικό πρόσωπο σε δύο τουλάχιστον κωμωδίες του, τους Κόλακες (421 π.Χ.) και τους Βάπτες (πιθανώς 416 ή 415 π.Χ.), και τον διακωμώδησε με μεγάλη οξύτητα για τις αδυναμίες του χαρακτήρα του, οι οποίες είχαν ευδιάκριτες επιπτώσεις στην πολιτική του δράση. Ο Αλκιβιάδης του Εύπολι απεικονίζεται ως αδίστακτος καιροσκόπος, κόλακας, ασυγκράτητα φιλήδονος, υπέρμετρα φιλόδοξος και επικίνδυνος για τους δημοκρατικούς θεσμούς της πόλης. Η εικόνα συμπληρώνεται από λίγα αποσπάσματα άλλων κωμικών, που επικεντρώνονται ιδίως στην τρυφή και την ακολασία του Αλκιβιάδη.

The stammering lion-cub: Alcibiades in ancient comedy

This article examines all the passages from the extant plays and fragments of Attic comedy, which openly refer or allude to Alcibiades, the enfant terrible of Athenian politics during the last decades of the 5th century B.C. Aristophanes does not seem to have ever brought Alcibiades as a character on stage, but he mentions and satirizes Alcibiades on several occasions in his plays, from the Banqueters (427 B.C.) to the Frogs (405 B.C.). These references are characterized by impressive lenience. Aristophanes only lightly taunts Alcibiades for misdemeanours in his personal life or for speech defects, but never once criticizes him seriously for his political deeds. On the contrary, Eupolis included Alcibiades as a dramatis persona in at least two comedies, the Flatterers (421 B.C.) and the Baptai (probably 416 or 451 B.C.), and ridiculed him with considerable acrimony for the failings of his character, which had visible consequences on his activity as a politician. Eupolis’ Alcibiades is depicted as an unscrupulous opportunist, a flatterer, an inveterate hedonist, an excessively ambitious man, and a danger for the democratic institutions of the polis. The image is completed with a few fragments of other comic authors, which mainly focus on Alcibiades luxury and debauchery.


Λέξεις κλειδιά


Αλκιβιάδης; Αριστοφάνης; αρχαία κωμωδία; Εύπολις; πολιτική σάτιρα; Alcibiades; ancient comedy; Aristophanes; Eupolis; political satire.

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

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