Middle Byzantine Altars with Sculpted Decoration

Abstract

The altar, the most sacred structure of the Middle Byzantine church, is one of the less known works of this era involving sculpture. Depending on the dimensions and the funds available to each church, the form of the Middle Byzantine altars varies from rectangular slabs based on free-standing posts to slabs placed on built bases. Sculpted decoration can be found on the frame of the upper surface of the slab, leaving the main space empty and flat, probably in order to receive safely the holy vessels. However, there are some cases where the whole surface is covered with relief. The main questions about Middle Byzantine altars concern the selection of decorative patterns in use and their function on a structure which was out  of sight, hidden behind the templon screen and under the vestments.